3/9/2023 0 Comments Pictures of halo simbl![]() ![]() In cases of unsolved infectious consolidations showing air bronchogram, namely after several weeks of antibiotic therapy, a suspicion of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with lepidic pattern or pulmonary lymphoma may be considered. In non-obstructive pulmonary atelectasis, the air bronchogram sign is frequently located at lower lobes and could be associated with a decrease in pulmonary volume. In the case of edema from ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), the air bronchogram sign is not associated with cardiomegaly the distribution of the edemigenic consolidations is widespread, patchy, with a tendency to peripheral localization. Pulmonary edema is a pathological process with cardiac dysfunction and accumulation of fluids at the interstitial and alveolar level and therefore with the possibility of producing the air bronchogram sign. Numerous pathological processes that fill alveolar air spaces-such as pneumonia, edema, infarction, pulmonary hemorrhages, aspirations, traumas-may reproduce the air bronchogram sign, which is frequently recognizable on both chest radiographs and CT images. It is a pivotal sign of pulmonary semeiotics, reported in literature as early as 1969 by Remy J. Each radiological finding-from A to Z-is described providing an association with symbols, naturalistic figures and photos, and schematic drawings.Īccording to the Fleischner Society glossary, the air bronchogram sign refers to the visualization of bronchial structures containing air-strongly hypodense on CT images-in the context of consolidation areas of the surrounding pulmonary parenchyma (Fig. ![]() Therefore, the aim of this pictorial review is to propose an iconographic version of the glossary terms of thoracic radiological findings. In addition, the knowledge of these radiological signs increases the diagnosis specificity, there being a strong association between these imaging features and certain thoracic diseases. Using these associations, our brain creates an unconscious emotion linked to images, which makes the memory stronger and simplifies the learning process. Therefore, visual memory and visual-iconographic learning have been introduced into radiological language-in the majority of cases creating an association between CT and X-ray findings depicted in images and symbols of nature. In this regard, the association with symbols and photos represents a series of tips and tricks to increase learning and assimilation of concepts. The human brain has different types of learning mechanisms, based on personal ways of sensing, elaborating, and retrieving information from memory. In addition, some terms listed in the glossary paper-such as the atoll sign or crazy paving sign-clearly refer to symbols or naturalistic images-and these associations provide a clear and quick explanation of the associated radiological pattern. The glossary paper offers some radiological examples of these terms, providing a useful guide for radiologists. This classification updated previous glossaries published in 19. In 2008, the Fleischner Society listed imaging terms used for description of main thoracic radiological signs. ![]() Therefore, the aim of this pictorial review is to highlight the main thoracic imaging findings that may be associated with signs, symbols, or naturalistic images: an “iconographic” glossary of terms used for thoracic imaging is reproduced-placing side by side radiological features and naturalistic figures, symbols, and schematic drawings. These associations are very helpful for radiologists and non-radiologists and increase learning and assimilation of concepts. Most of these imaging findings include the air bronchogram sign, the air crescent sign, the arcade-like sign, the atoll sign, the cheerios sign, the crazy paving appearance, the comet-tail sign, the darkus bronchus sign, the doughnut sign, the pattern of eggshell calcifications, the feeding vessel sign, the finger-in-gloove sign, the galaxy sign, the ginkgo leaf sign, the Golden-S sign, the halo sign, the headcheese sign, the honeycombing appearance, the interface sign, the knuckle sign, the monod sign, the mosaic attenuation, the Oreo-cookie sign, the polo-mint sign, the presence of popcorn calcifications, the positive bronchus sign, the railway track appearance, the scimitar sign, the signet ring sign, the snowstorm sign, the sunburst sign, the tree-in-bud distribution, and the tram truck line appearance. Several imaging findings of thoracic diseases have been referred-on chest radiographs or CT scans-to signs, symbols, or naturalistic images. ![]()
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